Long term effects of breast implants - The reality is that breast implants are not considered to be "lifetime devices," but they are designed to be long lasting and safe. Patients can expect today's implants—the products of decades of research into stronger shells and more stable fillers—to last more than a decade, with the chance of rupture increasing about one percent each year.

 
Among the 2171 women with cosmetic breast implants, 30 developed cancer against 33.7 expected (SIR = 0.9,95% CI = 0.6-1.3). There was no evidence for an increase in breast cancer risk (SIR 0.5, 95 .... Njhagkkz

Both saline and silicone gel implants are FDA approved and widely considered to be safe, long-term options for dramatically enhancing a woman’s figure. While complications can result with either type of breast implant, they are relatively rare. Can you get breast implant illness with saline implants? Yes.Infection Changes in nipple and breast feeling, which is often temporary Leaking or tearing More surgery, either to remove or replace the implants, might be needed for any of these issues. With certain breast implants there is a low risk of developing a type of cancer known as breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL).Weakness on 1 side of the body, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, drooping on one side of the face, or blurred eyesight. Depression or other mood changes. Eyesight changes or loss, bulging eyes, or change in how contact lenses feel. A lump in the breast, breast pain or soreness, or nipple discharge. Flu -like signs.Contraceptive implants are a long-term birth control method. They're also called long-acting reversible contraception, or LARC. A contraceptive implant is a flexible plastic rod about the size of a matchstick that is placed under the skin of the upper arm. The implant releases a low, steady dose of the hormone progestin.However, for the long-term success of dental implantation, sustainable long-term performance after bone remodeling is crucial (Tolstunov, 2006). Osseointegration is critical for implant stability and is achieved within 3–6 months after implantation surgery by the turnover activity of the bone (Lin et al., 2009).One of the most common side effects of the implant is irregular menstrual bleeding, and this is the main reason for early discontinuation of the implant. 2 In fact, less than a quarter of people using the implant will continue to have regular periods. 3. This change is due to the altered hormone levels in your body with the implant.Aug 21, 2018 · One of the most common side effects of the implant is irregular menstrual bleeding, and this is the main reason for early discontinuation of the implant. 2 In fact, less than a quarter of people using the implant will continue to have regular periods. 3. This change is due to the altered hormone levels in your body with the implant. The term “breast implant illness”, are symptoms such as fatigue, memory loss, rash, “brain fog,” and joint pain that have been reported by some women with breast implants. Weakness on 1 side of the body, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, drooping on one side of the face, or blurred eyesight. Depression or other mood changes. Eyesight changes or loss, bulging eyes, or change in how contact lenses feel. A lump in the breast, breast pain or soreness, or nipple discharge. Flu -like signs.The dreadful complications of paraffin injections (1899 to 1914) were repeated many times over the next 30 years, with the huge plethora of materials that were used for breast augmentation. During the 1940s and 1950s, a half-century after the paraffin saga, history repeated itself again with silicone injections.Breast Implants: Expectations vs. Reality. Breast augmentation-- breast implant surgery -- is the top cosmetic surgery performed today, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. A ...Jan 31, 2018 · Its main effects are inhibition of ovulation and thickening of the cervical mucus. Many complications have been associated with subcutaneous contraception, including menstrual disturbances, headache, weight gain, acne, dizziness, mood disturbances, nausea, lower abdominal pain, hair loss, loss of libido, pain at the implant site, neuropathy ... May 23, 2023 · bruising. swelling. drooping eyelid or brow. pain in the injected area. other skin discolorations. The majority of these side effects were mild and temporary. Botox is considered safe overall. You ... Medical implants are devices or tissues that are placed inside or on the surface of the body. Many implants are prosthetics, intended to replace missing body parts. Other implants deliver ...While breast implants are generally safe for most women, there are potential long-term effects that you should know of before deciding to undergo surgery. This blog will explore why you may be considering breast augmentation, the different types of implants available, and the important long-term effects of breast implants. Mar 6, 2022 · Redness. Changes in breast or nipple sensation. Implant rupture or leak. Infection. Scarring. Some side effects can last well beyond the healing process. For example, long-term risks of breast implants include: Rupture or deflation: Both saline and silicone gel implants can undergo rupture and deflation. This occurs when a puncture appears in ... Mar 24, 2023 · Contraceptive implants are a long-term birth control method. They're also called long-acting reversible contraception, or LARC. A contraceptive implant is a flexible plastic rod about the size of a matchstick that is placed under the skin of the upper arm. The implant releases a low, steady dose of the hormone progestin. The FDA in the US, for example, explains that the longer you have breast implants, the more likely it will be for you to have them removed. In addition, their list of risks associated with this procedure is extensive and detailed, ranging from chest wall deformity to toxic shock syndrome. Now, about 50 years after breast implants were first ...Tissue damage and detachment of the implant due to bacterial production are signs of rejection and failure of the implant. Side effects of metal implants. The long-term presence of a combination of alloys affects the durability of metal implants in the body and cannot be without signs and side effects.US FDA Breast Implant Postapproval Studies: Long-term Outcomes in 99,993 Patients. 2019 Jan;269 (1):30-36. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002990. To analyze the long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of patients with breast implants. This is the largest study of breast implant outcomes. Silicone implants are associated with an increased risk of ...The case in Paris was brought by 2,700 women who said they had suffered long-term health effects after receiving implants manufactured by a French firm which were filled with cheap, industrial ...Post-approval Study Updates: IDEAL IMPLANT Structured Saline Breast Implants, Sientra OPUS Silicone Gel Breast Implants, Mentor MemoryGel Silicone Gel-Filled and MemoryShape Breast Implants ...May 24, 2019 · implant deflation and rupture. change in breast shape, volume, or sensation. thinning of your breast tissue and skin. calcium deposits. breast discomfort. nipple discharge. dropping or bottoming ... Breast implants are artificial devices (prostheses) surgically inserted into your breasts. Breast implants are silicone shells filled with either silicone gel or saline (sterile salt water). Doctors called plastic surgeons insert breast implants. You may choose to receive breast implants following the loss of a breast to cancer. Overview Breast augmentation — also known as augmentation mammoplasty — is surgery to increase breast size. It involves placing breast implants under breast tissue or chest muscles. For some women, breast augmentation is a way to feel more confident. For others, it's part of rebuilding the breast for various conditions. Background: Vestibular dysfunction is likely the most common complication to cochlear implantation (CI) and may, in rare cases, result in persistent severe vertigo. Literature on long-term vestibular outcomes is scarce.Objective: This paper aims to evaluate vestibular dysfunction before and after cochlear implantation, the long-term vestibular outcomes, and follows up on previous findings of ... Swelling, bruising, and temporary pain may be side effects of breast implant surgery. After surgery, recovery time is needed to help the cut to heal and the body to adjust. Typical side...The FDA has recently completed a study on the health effects of ruptured silicone gel breast implants. The study was published in the May 2001 Journal of Rheumatology.Nov 28, 2018 · The health risks of breast implants. The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of experiencing rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these conditions was around six to eight times higher than in the rest of the population, moreover, silicone ... Jul 11, 2023 · Overall, 70%–80% of biopsies are negative for cancer, and some show signs of benign breast diseases or conditions that increase the risk of breast cancer. This article will explain a breast biopsy, including the purpose, types of biopsy available, risks, contraindications, and interpretation of the results. Oct 28, 2021 · Post-approval Study Updates: IDEAL IMPLANT Structured Saline Breast Implants, Sientra OPUS Silicone Gel Breast Implants, Mentor MemoryGel Silicone Gel-Filled and MemoryShape Breast Implants ... The reality is that breast implants are not considered to be "lifetime devices," but they are designed to be long lasting and safe. Patients can expect today's implants—the products of decades of research into stronger shells and more stable fillers—to last more than a decade, with the chance of rupture increasing about one percent each year.Oct 5, 2018 · In some cases, the immune system starts attacking the body. This can result in many different symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, mental confusion, dizziness, fever, and hair loss. Some women with breast implants report many different symptoms that do not fit with the diagnosis of one specific disease. Over time, some women develop a pattern of ... Sep 4, 2018 · Here are some long-term complications of a dental implant: Nerve or tissue damage may occur when a surgeon places an implant too close to a nerve. Signs of damage include numbness or tingling in ... Other long-term birth control options include the: copper intrauterine device (IUD) ParaGard; ... Some people experience side effects from the implant, but many people don’t.Effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. Health issues which may limit some choices. Ease of use. Side effects including changes to usual periods. Benefits other than contraception. Cost and availability. Reversibility. Protection against sexually transmitted diseases. There are different methods of contraception.May 25, 2023 · This process is called osseointegration, and it is crucial to the long-term success of the implant. This process can take many months. ... Side effects of dental metal implants: Impact on human ... The reality is that breast implants are not considered to be "lifetime devices," but they are designed to be long lasting and safe. Patients can expect today's implants—the products of decades of research into stronger shells and more stable fillers—to last more than a decade, with the chance of rupture increasing about one percent each year.A study published in the Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research looked into the question on if dental implants increased a person’s risk of getting oral cancer. The study concluded that “a direct link between dental implants and oral cancer was not found.”. Thus, the current research indicates that dental implants do not lead to oral ...The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these...Aug 31, 2023 · In 1987, the ASPS said the side effects could make it harder to screen for breast cancer. Side effects of autologous augmentation can include: Dense or hard lumps. Oil cysts, which are growths filled with liquid fat. Calcifications, which are bone-like specks. Infection. Nov 1, 2019 · A study published in the Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research looked into the question on if dental implants increased a person’s risk of getting oral cancer. The study concluded that “a direct link between dental implants and oral cancer was not found.”. Thus, the current research indicates that dental implants do not lead to oral ... When they approved silicone gel breast implants in 2006, the FDA required two implant manufacturers, Allergan and Mentor, to each conduct 10-year studies of at least 40,000 women to determine why implants break, how long they can be expected to last, and what the longer-term health consequences of broken and leaking breast implants might be.Effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. Health issues which may limit some choices. Ease of use. Side effects including changes to usual periods. Benefits other than contraception. Cost and availability. Reversibility. Protection against sexually transmitted diseases. There are different methods of contraception.Overview Breast augmentation — also known as augmentation mammoplasty — is surgery to increase breast size. It involves placing breast implants under breast tissue or chest muscles. For some women, breast augmentation is a way to feel more confident. For others, it's part of rebuilding the breast for various conditions.The reality is that breast implants are not considered to be "lifetime devices," but they are designed to be long lasting and safe. Patients can expect today's implants—the products of decades of research into stronger shells and more stable fillers—to last more than a decade, with the chance of rupture increasing about one percent each year.Mar 6, 2022 · Redness. Changes in breast or nipple sensation. Implant rupture or leak. Infection. Scarring. Some side effects can last well beyond the healing process. For example, long-term risks of breast implants include: Rupture or deflation: Both saline and silicone gel implants can undergo rupture and deflation. This occurs when a puncture appears in ... The side effects of brachytherapy are very similar to those of external beam radiation and include irritation to the bladder, irritation of the rectum resulting in more frequent urination, more frequent bowel movements, tiredness and long-term side effects including difficultly with erections. Before The Prostate Brachytherapy ProcedureNov 1, 2019 · A study published in the Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research looked into the question on if dental implants increased a person’s risk of getting oral cancer. The study concluded that “a direct link between dental implants and oral cancer was not found.”. Thus, the current research indicates that dental implants do not lead to oral ... Generally, long-term effects can be divided into physical health concerns and psychological/emotional concerns. For physical health concerns, there is a risk of some long-term health problems with breast implants, such as hardening of the implant, rupture, capsular contracture, wrinkling and changes to the sensation of the breast. Breast implants are artificial devices (prostheses) surgically inserted into your breasts. Breast implants are silicone shells filled with either silicone gel or saline (sterile salt water). Doctors called plastic surgeons insert breast implants. You may choose to receive breast implants following the loss of a breast to cancer. When they approved silicone gel breast implants in 2006, the FDA required two implant manufacturers, Allergan and Mentor, to each conduct 10-year studies of at least 40,000 women to determine why implants break, how long they can be expected to last, and what the longer-term health consequences of broken and leaking breast implants might be.Breast implants are medical devices implanted under the breast tissue or chest muscle to increase breast size (augmentation) or to replace breast tissue that has been removed due to cancer or ... implant deflation and rupture. change in breast shape, volume, or sensation. thinning of your breast tissue and skin. calcium deposits. breast discomfort. nipple discharge. dropping or bottoming ...Jan 17, 2022 · How Breast Implants Change Over Time in the Body. As we age, our skin’s collagen production slows, making our skin more prone to loosening and sagging. Breasts with implants are more prone to sagging caused by the excess weight in the implant and from the natural effects of aging. In this instance, it’s not that different from a naturally ... Although breast implants don’t actually expire, they aren’t guaranteed to last a lifetime. The average saline or silicone implants may last anywhere from 10 to 20 years. However, many are...More than 365,000 women received breast implants in 2021, a 44% increase from the year before.. Breast augmentation remains one of the most common and popular plastic surgery procedures performed in the U.S., and it has a low risk of complications – the most common being breast pain, changes in nipple and breast sensation, scar tissue formation, and rupture and deflation.The reality is that breast implants are not considered to be "lifetime devices," but they are designed to be long lasting and safe. Patients can expect today's implants—the products of decades of research into stronger shells and more stable fillers—to last more than a decade, with the chance of rupture increasing about one percent each year.This means that while he is still making the nose smaller, he is reinforcing the structure of the nose to ensure long-lasting, excellent results. An aging rhinoplasty is an important consideration for anyone thinking about having a nose job. The initial results you get are only the first step. How your nose looks after years and decades is ... How Breast Implants Change Over Time in the Body. As we age, our skin’s collagen production slows, making our skin more prone to loosening and sagging. Breasts with implants are more prone to sagging caused by the excess weight in the implant and from the natural effects of aging. In this instance, it’s not that different from a naturally ...The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these... A meeting reveals problems. The FDA changes were prompted by a panel of surgeons, scientists, women, and advocacy groups convened in the spring of 2019. Immediately following the meeting, the FDA moved to ban the sale of textured breast implants, which were linked to an elevated risk of a rare cancer called anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.Among the 2171 women with cosmetic breast implants, 30 developed cancer against 33.7 expected (SIR = 0.9,95% CI = 0.6-1.3). There was no evidence for an increase in breast cancer risk (SIR 0.5, 95 ... This article looks at the long-term consequences arising from dental implant surgery. We also aim to provide information on the success rate of implants, recovery time, and after-care. Long-Term Consequences of Dental Implants. After undergoing dental implant surgery, may experience various complications as described below in this article. They ...According to 2016 statistics from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the average butt implant surgeon’s fee was $4,860. The national average for augmentation with grafting was slightly ...A mastectomy is surgery to remove all breast tissue from a breast as a way to treat or prevent breast cancer. For those with early-stage breast cancer, a mastectomy may be one treatment option. Breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), in which only the tumor is removed from the breast, may be another option.When they approved silicone gel breast implants in 2006, the FDA required two implant manufacturers, Allergan and Mentor, to each conduct 10-year studies of at least 40,000 women to determine why implants break, how long they can be expected to last, and what the longer-term health consequences of broken and leaking breast implants might be.Mar 3, 2022 · Swelling. Redness. Changes in breast or nipple sensation. Implant rupture or leak. Infection. Scarring. Some side effects can last well beyond the healing process. For example, long-term risks of breast implants include: Rupture or deflation: Both saline and silicone gel implants can undergo rupture and deflation. Apr 25, 2018 · Effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. Health issues which may limit some choices. Ease of use. Side effects including changes to usual periods. Benefits other than contraception. Cost and availability. Reversibility. Protection against sexually transmitted diseases. There are different methods of contraception. Generally, long-term effects can be divided into physical health concerns and psychological/emotional concerns. For physical health concerns, there is a risk of some long-term health problems with breast implants, such as hardening of the implant, rupture, capsular contracture, wrinkling and changes to the sensation of the breast.The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these... Answer: Long term effects of 500cc implants. Hello, insertion of any implant is associated with risks, but insertion of implants that are disproportionately large has additional risks of rippling, sagging, numbness, and other problems. Your surgeon will be able to advise you whether they feel your implant choice is optimal for your body type.The health risks of breast implants. The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of experiencing rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these conditions was around six to eight times higher than in the rest of the population, moreover, silicone ...Early menopause: Certain types of treatment may bring about the onset of menopause, which may cause uncomfortable symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and low sexual desire. Fertility issues due to breast cancer treatments such as chemo. Hair loss, a common side effect of chemo.Reasons for breast implant removal or replacement. There are several different complications that can affect how long breast implants last and when you need to replace your implants. These can include: Breast Hardening or Capsular Contracture: This occurs when scar tissue hardens around one or both implants. This scar tissue can cause tightness ...Nov 23, 2018 · A post approval study on about 100,000 women who had breast implants has shown the long term effects of the procedure. The two most popular breast implants are the silicon gel and saline solution. Nexplanon (etonogestrel implant) is a long-term, reversible birth control for women. It is a contraceptive implant that is a flexible, thin plastic rod that is about the length of a matchstick (4cm by 2mm), which is placed under the skin on the inner side of the upper arm by your doctor or other healthcare provider.The term “breast implant illness”, are symptoms such as fatigue, memory loss, rash, “brain fog,” and joint pain that have been reported by some women with breast implants. May 24, 2019 · implant deflation and rupture. change in breast shape, volume, or sensation. thinning of your breast tissue and skin. calcium deposits. breast discomfort. nipple discharge. dropping or bottoming ... A study done by researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center suggests that silicone breast implants are associated with a higher risk of certain autoimmune disorders, as well as stillbirth and melanoma. Still, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criticized the study and issued a statement disagreeing with the results ...The dreadful complications of paraffin injections (1899 to 1914) were repeated many times over the next 30 years, with the huge plethora of materials that were used for breast augmentation. During the 1940s and 1950s, a half-century after the paraffin saga, history repeated itself again with silicone injections.The health risks of breast implants. The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of experiencing rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these conditions was around six to eight times higher than in the rest of the population, moreover, silicone ...Sep 2, 2015 · In summary, contrary to long-standing precepts that are largely based on the equivalence of the weight and volume of conventional silicone and saline breast implants, the breast implant's weight, rather than its volume, is the cause of many postoperative complications and side effects. Long-term stability of the augmented breast directly ... Oct 28, 2021 · Post-approval Study Updates: IDEAL IMPLANT Structured Saline Breast Implants, Sientra OPUS Silicone Gel Breast Implants, Mentor MemoryGel Silicone Gel-Filled and MemoryShape Breast Implants ... Here are some long-term complications of a dental implant: Nerve or tissue damage may occur when a surgeon places an implant too close to a nerve. Signs of damage include numbness or tingling in ...Jan 17, 2022 · How Breast Implants Change Over Time in the Body. As we age, our skin’s collagen production slows, making our skin more prone to loosening and sagging. Breasts with implants are more prone to sagging caused by the excess weight in the implant and from the natural effects of aging. In this instance, it’s not that different from a naturally ... A post approval study on about 100,000 women who had breast implants has shown the long term effects of the procedure. The two most popular breast implants are the silicon gel and saline solution. The siliconeJul 29, 2022 · However, for the long-term success of dental implantation, sustainable long-term performance after bone remodeling is crucial (Tolstunov, 2006). Osseointegration is critical for implant stability and is achieved within 3–6 months after implantation surgery by the turnover activity of the bone (Lin et al., 2009). Medical implants are devices or tissues that are placed inside or on the surface of the body. Many implants are prosthetics, intended to replace missing body parts. Other implants deliver ...After having breast cancer surgery, some women have problems with nerve (neuropathic) pain in the chest wall, armpit, and/or arm that doesn’t go away over time. This is called post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) because it was first noticed in women who had mastectomies, but it can also happen after other types of breast-conserving surgery ...

Mar 11, 2019 · Titanium is a commonly used inert bio-implant material within the medical and dental fields. Although the use of titanium is thought to be safe with a high success rate, in some cases, there are rare reports of problems caused by titanium. In most of these problematic reports, only individual reports are dominant and comprehensive reporting has ... . Mcdonaldpercent27percent27s near me 24 hours

long term effects of breast implants

While breast implants are generally safe for most women, there are potential long-term effects that you should know of before deciding to undergo surgery. This blog will explore why you may be considering breast augmentation, the different types of implants available, and the important long-term effects of breast implants.This article looks at the long-term consequences arising from dental implant surgery. We also aim to provide information on the success rate of implants, recovery time, and after-care. Long-Term Consequences of Dental Implants. After undergoing dental implant surgery, may experience various complications as described below in this article. They ...Jan 17, 2022 · How Breast Implants Change Over Time in the Body. As we age, our skin’s collagen production slows, making our skin more prone to loosening and sagging. Breasts with implants are more prone to sagging caused by the excess weight in the implant and from the natural effects of aging. In this instance, it’s not that different from a naturally ... Oct 24, 2022 · The side effects of brachytherapy are very similar to those of external beam radiation and include irritation to the bladder, irritation of the rectum resulting in more frequent urination, more frequent bowel movements, tiredness and long-term side effects including difficultly with erections. Before The Prostate Brachytherapy Procedure The most common birth control implant side effect is spotting (light bleeding or brown discharge), especially in the first 6-12 months. Sometimes the implant causes long-term spotting, or periods can get longer and heavier. But for most people, the implant makes their periods way lighter. And some people even stop getting a period at all while ... The long-term implant cumulative survival rate up to 16 years was 82.94%. The prevalence of biological complications was 16.94% and the prevalence of technical complications was 31.09%. The cumulative complication rate after an observation period of 10-16 years was 48.03%, which meant that substantial amounts of chair time were necessary ...Breast Implants: Expectations vs. Reality. Breast augmentation-- breast implant surgery -- is the top cosmetic surgery performed today, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. A ... This means that while he is still making the nose smaller, he is reinforcing the structure of the nose to ensure long-lasting, excellent results. An aging rhinoplasty is an important consideration for anyone thinking about having a nose job. The initial results you get are only the first step. How your nose looks after years and decades is ... Breast Implants: Expectations vs. Reality. Breast augmentation-- breast implant surgery -- is the top cosmetic surgery performed today, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. A ... Jun 27, 2018 · In 2005, Nicole Daruda received her cohesive gel implants and within two years had noticeable symptoms. In 2010, she left her job due to brain fog, and by 2012, she says, she was bedridden. Her symptoms included chronic fatigue, body aches and inflammation, thyroid issues, constant ringing in the ears, heart palpitations, digestive issues and ... When they approved silicone gel breast implants in 2006, the FDA required two implant manufacturers, Allergan and Mentor, to each conduct 10-year studies of at least 40,000 women to determine why implants break, how long they can be expected to last, and what the longer-term health consequences of broken and leaking breast implants might be. When they approved silicone gel breast implants in 2006, the FDA required two implant manufacturers, Allergan and Mentor, to each conduct 10-year studies of at least 40,000 women to determine why implants break, how long they can be expected to last, and what the longer-term health consequences of broken and leaking breast implants might be.Nov 5, 2018 · INTRODUCTION. Since the temporary tissue expander was introduced by Radovan 1 in 1982, two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction comprising initial insertion of a tissue expander followed by exchange to an implant after a period of inflation has become a well-established option of breast reconstruction either immediately after mastectomy or later. 2 Most of the current literature concentrates ... .

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